Extended School Year Services (ESY) for Students with Special Needs

ESY, or Extended School Year, is additional instructional support for students with disabilities, required by the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Why is ESY necessary? Some students with special needs are in jeopardy of not being able to retain the skills they have learned during the school year unless given additional support throughout the summer. Those students eligible for ESY will receive an individualized program to support their learning and retention of skill throughout the summer holidays. What does IDEA say about ESY? Under (34 CFR Part 300) in IDEA Regulations (not the Act): Extended school year services must be provided only if a childs IEP team determines, on an individual basis, in accordance with 300.340-300.350, that the services are necessary for the provision of FAPE to the child. The term extended school year services means special education and related services that—(1) Are provided to a child with a disability—(i) Beyond the normal school year of the public agency;(ii) In accordance with the childs IEP; and(iii) At no cost to the parents of the child; and(2) Meet the standards of the IDEA  Ã‚  (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) How can I determine if a child qualifies? The school, through the IEP team, will decide if the child will qualify for ESY Services. The decision will be based on a variety of factors which include: the childs rate of progressthe degree of impairmentthe childs behavioral and/or physical problemsavailability of resourcesthe vocational and transitional needs of the childthe childs ability to interact with non-disabled childrenand whether the service requested is extraordinary rather than usual in consideration of the childs condition. It is important to remember, the key to qualifying is the childs regression during school breaks, these should be well documented and records or any supporting data should be on hand for the team meeting. The school team will also take into consideration the childs previous history, in other words, did having summer holidays mean re-teaching skills again upon school startup? The school team will look at previous regression. It is important to note that most students dont retain all skills taught, hence a spiraling curriculum. The degree of regression must be relatively extreme to qualify for ESY Services. How much will I have to pay? There is no cost to the parent for ESY. The educational jurisdiction/district will cover the costs. However, not all students with disabilities will qualify. ESY services are provided only if the child meets certain criteria determined by law and the specific districts policy. What are some of the services provided?The services are individualized based on the students needs and will vary. They could include, physical therapy, behavioral support, instructional services, take home packages for parental implementation with consultative services, coaching, small group instruction just to name a few. ESY does not support the learning of new skills but the retention of those already taught. Districts will vary in their form of services offered. Where can I find more information about ESY? You will need to check with your own educational jurisdiction as some states vary in their standards regarding ESY. You will also want to read the section noted above in the IDEA regulations. Be sure to ask your district for a copy of their ESY guidelines. Note, that you should look into this service well in advance of any school break/holiday.

Essay on Definitions of a Tragedy Shakespeares and...

In writing a tragedy, there are certain standards and guidelines to which an author or playwright must follow. One such standard is the Aristotelian definition of tragedy and the tragic hero. William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth is a perfect mold of an Aristotelian Tragedy. It displays all eight aspects of Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. It is set mainly in Scotland, but briefly in England during the eleventh century. It illuminates the ideal plot, in which the action of the story, or Macbeth’s murder of Duncan along with his meticulous planning of other murders, takes place over the course of several days in Scotland, particularly at Macbeth’s castle in Dunsinane. Shakespeare creates Macbeth to be the tragic hero of the play.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Which of you have done this? Thou canst not say I did it. Never shake thy gory locks at me† (Act 3 scene iv lines50-51). Here, Macbeth speaks to the ghost, telling Banquo not to b lame him for the murder. Macbeth is constantly reminded of the people he has killed, but sees past them in order to seek the throne. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, the reversal of action occurs when Macduff kills Macbeth. Throughout the play, Macbeth goes after what he desires most, the kingship. He is driven by his corrupt ambition, which leads to his inevitable destruction. His life ends in the same way as he took the lives of others, in murder and deception. Hamartia and hubris, both terms developed by Aristotle in his work Poetics, are seen as being the fatal flaw or error of a play’s protagonist or hero. Macbeth’s tragic error is believing he can beat the prophecies of the witches. He attempts to stop Banquo’s lineage by having Banquo and Fleance killed. He is unsuccessful in doing so because Fleance escapes, allowing the prophecy to be fulfilled. When Macbeth hears of Fleance, he is outraged. He says, â€Å"Then comes my fit again. I had else been perfect, w hole as the marble, founded as the rock, as broad and general as the casing air. But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fears.-But Banquo’s safe?† (Act 3 scene iv lines 21-25). Macbeth now has Banquo out of theShow MoreRelatedOthello is Not a Tragic Hero Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed as one of William Shakespeare’s most popular plays because the play focuses on its themes of good and evil, military, politics, love and marriage, religion, racial prejudice, gender conflict, and sexuality; but the controversy and debate surrounding Othello is â€Å"Why is Othello a qualification for a tragedy?† Most readers are aware of the many famous deaths or acts of death within the Shakespearean plays. And when the main characters die in Shakespeare’s plays, indeed, the readers wouldRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 Pagesof Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous playRead MoreStimulating Pity through Murder 1000 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle theorized that a good tragedy possesses characteristics such as the ability to arouse feelings of pity in the audience. Playwrights ca n achieve this aforementioned specification through the implementation of a dramatic device into their plays. Murder tends to be useful because it can have a large impact on audiences and playwrights apply it to their plays to achieve a reaction such as pity. One playwright in particular, William Shakespeare, can be said to have utilized murder efficientlyRead More Marcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essays735 Words   |  3 PagesMarcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar      Ã‚   In many stories there is a tragic hero. The hero finds out about himself and the people around him in the story. In Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. The play Julius Caesar is about politics and betrayal in ancient Rome. Brutus is part of the senate, which is below Caesar, who is soon to be crowned. The senate wants to overthrow Caesar to save Rome. To do this the senate has to get BrutusRead MoreOthello: The Tragedy of an Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a powerful example of a tragedy and it’s main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero becau se our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreEssay Tragic Hero643 Words   |  3 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies or refutes Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Review Chapter 33 in your textbook for the background and overview of Aristotle’s concept of tragedy/the tragic hero and drama. This chapter also contains critical information on Sophocles and the play Oedipus. You may use any of the critical material as a secondary source, but remember to cite it correctly. 2. Discuss William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice as a tragedy. As defined by Aristotle, is it correctRead MoreDeath and Everyman640 Words   |  3 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies or refutes Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Review Chapter 33 in your textbook for the background and overview of Aristotle’s concept of tragedy/the tragic hero and drama. This chapter also contains critical information on Sophocles and the play Oedipus. You may use any of the critical material as a secondary source, but remember to cite it correctly. 2. Discuss William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice as a tragedy. As defined by Aristotle, is it correctRead More Elements of Tragedy in Hamlet Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: The Element of a Tragedy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 350 B.C.E., a great philosopher wrote out what he thought was the definition of a tragedy. As translated by S.H. Butcher, Aristotle wrote; â€Å"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplishRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Othello1613 Words   |  7 Pages A tragedy is one of the most captivating forms of drama as it truly grasps the attention of its audience. It unleashes hidden emotions and allows the viewers to escape their own realities. In Aristotle’s, Poetics, he analyzes the theory of a tragedy and explains that the essential criteria of an ideal tragedy consists of the plot, character, thought, diction, spectacle, and song (Aristotle, 169). According to Aristotl e, tragedies also often focus on a tragic hero who possesses a flaw which ultimatelyRead More Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy The Glass Menagerie has, of course, been labelled as many different types of play, for one, a tragedy. At first glance it is clear that audiences today may, indeed, class it as such. However, if, looking at the traditional definition of the classification tragedy, one can more easily assess whether or not the Glass Menagerie fits under this title. To do this I will be using the views of Aristotle, the Greek

Philosophy for Organizational Behavior- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePhilosophyfor Organizational Behavior. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is an area of social science which deals on how people or employees interact and relate in the work (Ohemeng and McCall-Thomas, 2013) it examines both individual and group behavior and aspects that promote efficiency n the performance of both the individuals and the organization as a whole. As an area of study and research, organizational behavior has a variety of topics but this paper will focus on motivation as one of the organizational behavior topic. The following journal articles will be used; Human relation article, human resource management article and academy of management journal. The three journals are analyzed differently to find similarities and differences on their views on motivation. Motivation can be defined as the external and internal factors that stir up energy and desire in people to be interested continuously and be committed to a role or subject or a job to work hard towards attaining a certain goa Similarities among the three Articles Three articles may defer on their on perspectives and views on motivations but there are a few similarities in them. The first similarity is that the articles agree that people are unique and therefore different things and ways should be used to motivate. The articles suggest that there are different ways of profiling employees in order to understand their personalities and what motivates them. Such tools include motivational maps. These maps define measure and types of motivation, or may advise the managers to stop certain traits among the employees. Such maps gives the management an insight on what really makes their workers feel motivated. This in an important factor to consider since what makes one employee feel satisfied may not have the same impact another worker. (da Rocha and Rocha, n.d.) The second similarity is that in all articles, monetary rewards are valued as part of incentive motivation. This is because money will be able to provide the basic material needs to the work ers for instance housing, food and clothing. Cognitive motivation or praise of he employees is another way recognized by the articles is a way of motivating the workers. This will help them have a positive attitude towards the organization and know that their efforts are recognized thus work extra hard for the good of the organization. It was found out that he greatest way to motivate a employee s though mental motivation because this arouses an inner drive hat pushes the worker to achieve the best by all means possible. Decision making as perceived is not only for managers. It is evident that in todays, world, most managers have abandoned the old traditions and bureaucratic ideas whereby all decisions were made from the top. The contemporary managers have incorporated views of heir employees as away of motivating them and imparting a sense of belonging to them. This change has been witnessed to bring tremendous positive change in performance since the employees own the organization. Balancing work and leisure is also another way to motivate workers. A dormant worker who never has time for recreation and revetment is never motivated. He or she feels hat the organization is there to exploit and ignore his or her needs. Leisure activities such as games bring togetherness among workers apart from refreshing the exhaus ted ones (Boon, Vangrieken and Dochy, 2015). It was found out that the current technological development is a factor that has contributed to electronic leash in that people are even forced to work from home using devices like cell phone and computers to link with their clients and bosses. The last similarity is that both the academy of management journal and human resource journal emphasize that an employer can motivate a worker by not only discussing work issue but also getting into an employees personal lives for example the social life in order to know the status of their workers. By doing this, the managers make the worker to feel appreciated ad valued hence get motivated. Differences among the three Journals As much as the articles share the same views on motivation, there are noticeable differences among them. The first contrast is that human resource journal article divides the types of motivation two that is intrinsic and extrinsic .Intrinsic type refers to motivation based on the cognitive or mental part .This involves commenting on job well done and praising the worker .The other one refers to physical or reward using tangible items for example money. This is mostly material-based type o motivation. The other two articles just discuss on the general types of motivation. The human resource article is the only article that attributes bad behavior in the organization to lack of motivation unlike the others which dont raise the issue of misbehavior. According to the journal lack of motivation makes employees change their attitudes towards the organization and therefore behave recklessly. In contrast, other two articles attribute misbehavior to personal issues for example the upbringing and individuals personalities. Human resource article emphasizes that the significance that a worker gives to the work place is majorly determined by the kind of motivation he or she receives from the institution but the other two articles suggest that the value that a worker puts on the institution of work are influenced by other factors other than motivation, Such as the relationship at workplace, culture and the structure of the organization. The human (Management interculturel: Stratgie, organisation, performance, Olivier Meier, ditions Dunod, Management Sup, 2010, 2010) resource article gives detailed on needs that an organization is required to meet for it to motivate the employees. The article uses Abrahams Maslows hierarchy of needs .These needs in an order of ascending order are, physiological, safety, love, esteem and finally self actualization needs (Healy, 2016). The other two articles assume that motivation should just be in monetary form. Human resource management arti cle in contrast to other articles states that motivation is mainly the culture of the organization. Motivation is the main force used by individuals to allocate power to generate and work on innovative ideas. However, employees are only energized to go beyond their normal duties if they are only given a strong identification with the organization. The culture of the organization plays a vital role in motivating innovative and creative behavior because it can create commitment among the workers in terms of believing in the organizational values and norms related to its functioning (Kontoghiorghes, 2015). Academy of management journal and human resource journal assumes that motivation is an idea that comes from the top management in that the managers are the ones to decide on what to give the employs but the human resource journal is against that idea .It suggests that the employees are the ones t decide on what they want to be given .The managers should not dictate on the kind of rewards be it money or other material gifts. The same journal unlike the others too advises the organiza tions to try their level best in communicating to their employees may be through mails, memo and even meetings. The article assumes that an informed employee is a motivated worker. Human resource management journal also unlike the other two emphasizes that for an organization to motivate its workers; it must create a friendly working environment by providing the required devices for example computers and copiers and required meals for the workers. Reconciliation of the Contrasting Points in the Articles The articles articulate different ways through which organizations can motivate their employees to ensure that there is good performance .Some of the points are similar and some differ. The conflicting points can be harmonized to come up with achievable and realistic solutions. Human resource article proposes that misbehavior in an organization is a result of lack of motivation; this idea is not true because deviant behavior has many causes for example peer influence, individuals personalities and the environment and not manly motivation. Therefore, the article should consider other factors to come up with a concrete work n motivation. The same attitude also assumes that employees may develop a negative attitude towards the organization because of lack of motivation of which it is not true. There are so many factors that may lead to attitude change for example poor relationship among the workers can be a factor. (The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude, 2017) .The use of hierarchy of needs model in some way portrays that is the place of work that is expected to satisfy all human needs yet in real sense, there are some needs which can b fully met by other institutions other than work place. Human resource model hold that the main factor that can motivate the employees is the organizational culture. It is true that culture plays a vital role but when it comes to motivation there are other factors that affect it for instance the amount of income, incentives and the organizational relations. One of the articles suggests that the employees should be given the freedom to choose what they want as rewards. This may not be possible in many organizations because of financial reasons and structure. Given freedom, employees may e be unrealistic in their demands in that they might choose something too big or burdensome for the organization to acquire. One of the articles too suggests that an organization can moti vate its workers by not only engaging tem in office work but also going an extra mile of knowing workers personal lives. This may be against the rights of the employees in that some information is too private and confidential and are only family -related issues. Too much involvement of the managers denies the employee his o her right to private life. (Zarkovic, 2015) Integration of the Points in the Three Articles Motivation is the major factor that determines the performance of workers in an organization. There are two types of motivation; intrinsic an extrinsic. The former entails mental or cognitive motivation for example commending on job well done and recognizing performance. The latter is more of physical rewards e.g. money. Motivation should be done with consideration that individuals are unique meaning that whatever satisfies one worker does not necessarily do so to another employee. This means that managers should understand the employees. Inclusion of the employees also in the decision making is away to motivate the workers. When involved, they feel that they own the organization and therefore put all their efforts to see that they perform well in the different capacities they are serving. Communication is also a great factor in the motivation of the workers. An organization should try to keep its workforce up to date. An informed worker is a motivated worker. When an employee has go t all the information concerning what is going on in the motivation, he or she will be motivated to work t benefit the organization. Conducive work place is also another major factor that plays a big role in worker motivation. Availability of good working equipment and services to the employees motivate them to see the significance of the organization and therefore work whole heartedly for the organization. Application of the Integrated Information The concept of motivation is applicable in different ways for example if the workers are poorly performing because of lack of motivation, the organization must check if has been meeting the employees basic material needs hence re -adjust. Second is that the organization should not only reward people physically but also recognize good performance and commend it. Reference Ohemeng, F. and McCall-Thomas, E. (2013). Performance management and undesirable organizational behaviour: Standardized testing in Ontario schools. Canadian Public Administration, 56(3), pp.456-477. Management interculturel: Stratgie, organisation, performance, Olivier Meier, ditions Dunod, Management Sup, 2010. (2010). Management international, Kontoghiorghes, C. (2015). Linking high performance organizational culture and talent management: satisfaction/motivation and organizational commitment as mediators. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(16), pp.1833-18515(1), p.103. da Rocha, A. and Rocha, F. (n.d.). EEG Mapping of Motivation. SSRN Electronic Journal. Boon, A., Vangrieken, K. and Dochy, F. (2015). Team creativity versus team learning: transcending conceptual boundaries to inspire future framework building. Human Resource Development International, pp.1-24. Healy, K. (2016). A Theory of Human Motivation by Abraham H. Maslow - reflection. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(4), pp.313-313. The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude. (2017). Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 3(1). Zarkovic, I. (2015). Measures of electronic monitoring of employees and the right to privacy in the workplace. Nauka, bezbednost, policija, 20(3), pp.165-182. Manjili, R. (2016). Relation of Emotional Intelligence with Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees of Public Hospitals of Rasht City. Journal of Health Promotion Managment, 6(1), pp.23-29. Parameswar, N. and Prasad, R. (2016). Humanistic Leadership, Organizational Culture and Corporate Citizenship Behaviour. Purushartha - A Journal of Management , Ethics and Spirituality, 9(2)